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Fatima Jinnah
Fatima Jinnah English IPA: fətɪ̈mɑ d͡ʒinnəɦ, (; 30 July 1893 – 9 July 1967) was a Pakistani dental surgeon, biographer, stateswoman and one of the leading of Pakistan.
After obtaining a dental degree from University of Calcutta, she became a close associate and an adviser to her older brother Muhammad Ali Jinnah who later became the first Governor General of Pakistan. A strong critic of the British Raj, she emerged as a strong advocate of the two nation theory and a leading member of the All-India Muslim League. After the independence of Pakistan, Jinnah co-founded the Pakistan Women's Association which significantly played an integral role in the settlement of the migrants in the newly formed country. After the death of her brother, she continued to remain a prominent philanthropist,〔 but did not remain politically active until 1965 when she participated in the presidential election against military dictator Ayub Khan, only to lose the primary because of alleged election rigging by the military.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://archives.dawn.com/weekly/books/archive/040328/books15.htm )〕
After battling a long illness, Jinnah died in Karachi on 9 July 1967.〔 She remains one of the most honoured leaders in Pakistan. Her legacy is associated with her support for civil rights, her struggle in Pakistan Movement and her devotion to her brother. Referred as ''Māder-e Millat'' ("Mother of the Nation") and ''Khātūn-e Pākistān'' (Urdu: — "Lady of Pakistan"), many institutions and public spaces have been named in her honour.
==Early life and career==
Fatima was born on 30 July 1893, the youngest of seven children〔 to Jinnahbhai Poonja and his wife Mithibai, in a rented apartment on the second floor of Wazir Mansion, Karachi. Fatima had six siblings: Muhammad Ali, Ahmad Ali, Bunde Ali, Rahmat Ali, Maryam, and Shireen. Of her siblings she was the closest to Muhammad Ali Jinnah who became her guardian upon the death of their father in 1901.〔 She joined the Bandra Convent in Bombay in 1902. In 1919, she was admitted to the highly competitive University of Calcutta where she attended the Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College. After she graduated, she opened a dental clinic in Bombay in 1923.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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